4.step one EHS while in the 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
These types of uncommon thermal anomalies during the west Russia was basically caused by good quasi-stationary anticyclonic circulation (Bardin 2007). Latest browse (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summertime out of 1972 is actually characterised by the positive stage of your Northern Atlantic Oscillation.
cuatro.dos EHS during the 1981–1990
The latest exceptional summer in the seasons safeguarded new central and east elements of Eu Russia (Fig. 2). The fresh new EHS was seen from the 7 stations, like the easternmost Ivdel’ (where it was the only like june into the months) and you may Ekaterinburg. When you look at the Kirov and you may Perm, it was the greatest june of one’s several months. An average air temperature over the town is actually higher than the fresh long-name mediocre of the dos.5–3.step 3 °C. The heat try higher than brand new a lot of time-identity average in most around three summer time, however, August are really the only excessively sizzling hot few days and simply from the 50 % of all the stations (for instance the top of your own entire months in Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you may Perm), if you’re June and you will July failed to meet up with the standards. There clearly was a considerable number of days which have a max temperatures more than 30 °C, especially in the southern (20–twenty-five, typically 9–11). Merely about southwestern an element of the area, there had been days which have minimum temperature exceeding 20 °C (Dining table 5).
The summer months away from 1988 try exceedingly scorching and you may, such as 1981, sky heat defects safeguarded central and eastern elements of Eu Russia, whilst the affected region is shorter of simply five stations (Fig. 2). When you look at the three northern station, it was the greatest, plus in the actual situation away from Kotlas, in addition to the simply EHS on the studies months. The difference between an average much time-identity as well as the EHS conditions varied from 2.3 to three.step 1 °C along side area. July turned-out such as hot (from the certain station the hottest of several months). Just during the Ekaterinburg did the temperatures prevent short of meeting the latest criteria in every of one’s weeks. There had been more ten months with an optimum temperature over 30 °C whatsoever the stations, plus in the newest south, the number is nearly 20 (as compared to anywhere between marriage agency Kottayam around three and you can half a dozen on average). Only isolated instances of months which have the very least temperature over 20 °C have been registered in the southern area of your affected region (Dining table 5).
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